Krampus - Wikipedia. In folklore, Krampus is a horned, anthropomorphic figure described as "half- goat, half- demon",[1] who, during the Christmas season, punishes children who have misbehaved, in contrast with Saint Nicholas, who rewards the well- behaved with gifts. Krampus is one of the companions of Saint Nicholas in several countries including Austria, Bavaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, South Tyrol and parts of Northern Italy.[2][3] The origin of the figure is unclear; some folklorists and anthropologists have postulated its pre- Christian origin. In traditional parades and in such events as the Krampuslauf (English: Krampus run), young men dressed as Krampus participate; such events occur annually in most Alpine towns.[4] Krampus is featured on holiday greeting cards called Krampuskarten. Origins[edit]. A person dressed as Krampus at Morzger Pass, Salzburg (Austria)The history of the Krampus figure has been theorized as stretching back to pre- Christian Alpine traditions. In a brief article discussing the figure, published in 1.

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Maurice Bruce wrote: There seems to be little doubt as to his true identity for, in no other form is the full regalia of the Horned God of the Witches so well preserved. The birch – apart from its phallic significance – may have a connection with the initiation rites of certain witch- covens; rites which entailed binding and scourging as a form of mock- death. The chains could have been introduced in a Christian attempt to 'bind the Devil' but again they could be a remnant of pagan initiation rites.[5]Discussing his observations while in Irdning, a small town in Styria in 1. John J. Honigmann wrote that: The Saint Nicholas festival we are describing incorporates cultural elements widely distributed in Europe, in some cases going back to pre- Christian times.

Nicholas himself became popular in Germany around the eleventh century. The feast dedicated to this patron of children is only one winter occasion in which children are the objects of special attention, others being Martinmas, the Feast of the Holy Innocents, and New Year's Day. Watch Go Tube Free.

Masked devils acting boisterously and making nuisances of themselves are known in Germany since at least the sixteenth century while animal masked devils combining dreadful- comic (schauriglustig) antics appeared in Medieval church plays. A large literature, much of it by European folklorists, bears on these subjects. Austrians in the community we studied are quite aware of "heathen" elements being blended with Christian elements in the Saint Nicholas customs and in other traditional winter ceremonies. They believe Krampus derives from a pagan supernatural who was assimilated to the Christian devil.[6]The Krampus figures persisted, and by the 1.

Krampus had been incorporated into Christian winter celebrations by pairing Krampus with St Nicholas.[7]Countries of the former Habsburg Empire have largely borrowed the tradition of Krampus accompanying St Nicholas on 5 December from Austria. Modern history[edit]In the aftermath of the 1. Krampus tradition was prohibited by the Dollfuss regime[8] under the Fatherland's Front (Vaterländische Front) and the Christian Social Party. In the 1. 95. 0s, the government distributed pamphlets titled "Krampus Is an Evil Man".[9] Towards the end of the century, a popular resurgence of Krampus celebrations occurred and continues today.[1. The Krampus tradition is being revived in Bavaria as well, along with a local artistic tradition of hand- carved wooden masks.[1. There has been public debate in Austria in modern times about whether Krampus is appropriate for children.[1.

Appearance[edit]. A 1. 90. 0s greeting card reading 'Greetings from Krampus!'Although Krampus appears in many variations, most share some common physical characteristics. He is hairy, usually brown or black, and has the cloven hooves and horns of a goat. His long, pointed tongue lolls out,[5][1.

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Krampus carries chains, thought to symbolize the binding of the Devil by the Christian Church. He thrashes the chains for dramatic effect. The chains are sometimes accompanied with bells of various sizes.[1. Of more pagan origins are the ruten, bundles of birch branches that Krampus carries and with which he occasionally swats children.[5] The ruten may have had significance in pre- Christian pagan initiation rites.[5] The birch branches are replaced with a whip in some representations. Sometimes Krampus appears with a sack or a basket strapped to his back; this is to cart off evil children for drowning, eating, or transport to Hell.

Some of the older versions make mention of naughty children being put in the bag and taken away.[5] This part of the legend refers to the times that the Moors raided the European coasts, and as far as Iceland, to abduct the local people into slavery.[citation needed] This quality can be found in other Companions of Saint Nicholas such as Zwarte Piet.[1. Krampusnacht[edit]The Feast of St. Nicholas is celebrated in parts of Europe on 6 December.[1.

On the preceding evening of 5 December, Krampus Night or Krampusnacht, the wicked hairy devil appears on the streets. Sometimes accompanying St. Nicholas and sometimes on his own, Krampus visits homes and businesses.[5] The Saint usually appears in the Eastern Ritevestments of a bishop, and he carries a golden ceremonial staff. Unlike North American versions of Santa Claus, in these celebrations Saint Nicholas concerns himself only with the good children, while Krampus is responsible for the bad. Nicholas dispenses gifts, while Krampus supplies coal and the ruten bundles.[1.

Krampuslauf[edit]It is customary to offer a Krampus schnapps, a strong distilled fruit brandy.[5] These runs may include Perchten, similarly wild pagan spirits of Germanic folklore and sometimes female in representation, although the Perchten are properly associated with the period between winter solstice and 6 January. Krampuskarten[edit]Europeans have been exchanging greeting cards featuring Krampus since the 1. Sometimes introduced with Gruß vom Krampus (Greetings from Krampus), the cards usually have humorous rhymes and poems.

Krampus is often featured looming menacingly over children. He is also shown as having one human foot and one cloven hoof. In some, Krampus has sexual overtones; he is pictured pursuing buxom women.[1. Over time, the representation of Krampus in the cards has changed; older versions have a more frightening Krampus, while modern versions have a cuter, more Cupid- like creature.[citation needed] Krampus has also adorned postcards and candy containers.[1. Regional variations[edit]In Styria, the Ruten bundles are presented by Krampus to families. The twigs are painted gold and displayed year- round in the house—a reminder to any child who has temporarily forgotten Krampus. In smaller, more isolated villages, the figure has other beastly companions, such as the antlered "wild man" figures, and St Nicholas is nowhere to be seen.

These Styrian companions of Krampus are called Schabmänner or Rauhen.[5]A toned- down version of Krampus is part of the popular Christmas markets in Austrian urban centres like Salzburg. In these, more tourist- friendly interpretations, Krampus is more humorous than fearsome.[2. North American Krampus celebrations are a growing phenomenon.[2. Multiple Krampus related celebrations are held in cities across the continent. Each event may be focused on a theme and or cause, be it a simple bar crawl, toy drive, or a charity fundraiser. The following is but a small sampling of Krampus celebrations in North America: Krampusnacht Washington DC.[2. Toronto Krampus Ball.[2.

Chicago Krampus Fest.[2. LA Krampusfest.[2. San Francisco Krampus Krawl.[2. Dallas Krampus Society.[2. Krampuslauf Philadelphia.[2. Bloomington Krampus Night.[2.

Krampusnacht Edmonton.[3. Similar figures are recorded in neighboring areas. Klaubauf Austria, while Bartl or Bartel, Niglobartl, and Wubartl are used in the southern part of the country.

Kyle Chandler to Co- Star as Millie Bobby Brown’s Dad in ‘Godzilla’ Sequel (EXCLUSIVE) – Variety. It’s a Netflix reunion of sorts: Kyle Chandler, star of “Bloodline,” is set to join “Stranger Things” break- out Millie Bobby Brown in Godzilla: King of the Monsters,” sources tell Variety.

Chandler will play Brown’s father in the Legendary sequel.“Krampus” helmer Michael Dougherty is directing the project and wrote the script with Zach Shields. Aaron Taylor- Johnson, Bryan Cranston, Ken Watanabe and Elizabeth Olsen starred in the 2. Godzilla” reboot, directed by Gareth Edwards, though sources say only Watanabe is likely to return for the sequel. Plot details are unknown.

Alex Garcia will oversee the tentpole for Legendary. Godzilla: King of Monsters” is set for relase on Mar. Godzilla vs. Kong” slated to bow the following year on May 2. Legendary and Warner Bros.

King Kong” and “Godzilla” films would be developed by Legendary and distributed by Warner Bros., starting with “Kong: Skull Island” in March. Legendary currently holds a distribution deal with Universal, but in order to re- team Godzilla and King Kong, the studio returned the rights to WB. Chandler is coming off Netflix’s second season of “Bloodline,” which is about to go into its third and final season of production, and was recently seen in the Oscar- nominated drama “Manchester by the Sea.”He is repped by Gersh and Brillstein Entertainment.